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Adam, P. J.  1999.  Choloepus didactylus.  Mammalian Species, 621: 1-8.

Akersten, W. A. and H. G. McDonald.  1991.  Nothrotheriops from the Pleistocene of Oklahoma and paleogeography of the genus.  The Southwestern Naturalist, 36(2): 178-185.

Ameghino, F.  1892.  Enumération synoptique des espèces de mammifères fossiles des formations éocènes de Patagonie.  Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba, ?: 141-170.

Ameghino, F.  1902.  Notas sobre algunos Mamiferos fósiles nuevos ó poco conocidos del Valle de Tarija.  Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 8: 252-255.

Bargo, M. S., S. F. Vizcaíno, F. M. Archuby, and R. E. Blanco.  2000.  Limb bone proportions, strength and digging in some Lujanian (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene) Mylodontid ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra).  Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 20(3): 601-610.

Bargo, M. S., G. De Iuliis and S. F. Vizcaíno.  2006a.  Hypsodonty in Pleistocene ground sloths.  Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 51(1): 53-61.

Bargo, M. S., N. Toledo and S. F. Vizcaíno.  2006b.  Muzzle of South American Pleistocene ground sloths (Xenarthra, Tardigrada).  Journal of Morphology, 267: 248-263.

Brandoni, D., A. A. Carlini, F. Pujos and G. J. Scillato-Yané.  2004.  The pes of Pyramiodontherium bergi (Moreno & Mercerat, 1891) (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Phyllophaga): the most complete pes of a Tertiary Megatheriinae.  Geodiversitas, 26(4): 643-659.

Brattstrom, B.H.  1966.  Sloth behavior.  Journal of Mammalogy, 47(2): 348.

Britton, S. W.  1941a.  Form and function in the sloth.  The Quarterly Review of Biology, 16(1): 13-34.

Britton, S. W.  1941b.  Form and function in the sloth (concluded).  The Quarterly Review of Biology, 16(2): 190-207.

Britton, S. W. and W. E. Atkinson.  1938.  Poikilothermism in the sloth.  Journal of Mammalogy, 19(1): 94-99.

Brown, B.  1903.  A new genus of ground sloth from the Pleistocene of Nebraska. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 19: 569-583.

Burmeister, K. H.  1882.  Nothropus priscus, ein bisher unbekanntes fossiles, Faulthier.  Sitzungsberichte der Königlich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaffen zu Berlin, 28: 613-620.

Cabrera, Á.  1914.  Código de nomenclatura zoológica rigente en la actualidad.  Boletin de la Real Sociedad española de Historia Natural, 1914: 312-337.

Carlini, A. A. and G. J. Scillato-Yané.  1999.  Evolution of Quaternary Xenarthrans (Mammalia) of Argentina.  Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula, 12: 149-175.

Carlini, A. A., G. J. Scillato-Yané and R. Sánchez.  2006a.  New Mylodontoidea (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga) from the middle Miocene-Pliocene of Venezuela.  Journal of Systematic Paleontology, 4(3): 255-267.

Carlini, A.A., D. Brandoni and R. Sánchez. 2006b.  First Megatheriines (Xenarthra, Phyllophaga, Megatheriidae from the Urumaco (late Miocene) and Codore (Pliocene) Formations, Estado Falcón, Venezula.  Journal of Systematic Paleontology, 4(3): 269-278.

Carranza Castañeda, O. and W. E. Miller.  2004.  Late Tertiary terrestrial mammals from Central Mexico and their relationship to South American immigrants.  Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 7(2): 249-261.

Chiarello, A. B.  1998b.  Diet of the Atlantic forest maned sloth, Bradypus torquatus.  Journal of Zoology, 246(1): 11-19.

Christensen, P. and R. A. Fariña.  2003.  Mass estimation of two fossil ground sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Mylodontidae).  Pp. 1-8 In R. A. Fariña, S. F. Vizcaíno and G. Storch (eds.), Morphological studies in fossil and extant Xenarthra (Mammalia).  Senckenberiana biologica, 83(1).

Cisneros, J. C.  2005.  New Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from El Salvador.  Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 8(3): 239-255.

Clauss, M.  2004.  The potential interplay of posture, digestive anatomy, density of ingesta and gravity in mammalian herbivores: why sloths do not rest upside down.  Mammal Review, 34(3): 241-245.

Esteban, G. I.  1993.  A new genus of Mylodontinae from the Pleistocene of northwestern Argentina.  Quaternary of South America and Antarctic Peninsula, 8: 29-37.

Delsuc, F., M. Scally, O. Madsen, M. J. Stanhope, W. W. de Jong, F. M. Catzeflis, M. S. Springer, and E. J. P. Douzery.  2002.  Molecular phylogeny of living Xenarthans and the impact of character and taxon sampling on the placental tree rooting.  Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution, 19(10): 1656-1671.

Delsuc, S. F. Vizcaíno and E. J.P. Douzery.  2004.  Influence of Tertiary paleoenvironmental changes on the diversification of South American mammals: a relaxed molecular clock study within xenarthrans.  BMC Evolutionary Biology, 4: 1-13.

Eberhard, M. L.  1978.  Dirofilaria macrodemos and D. panamensis spp. n. (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Central and South American sloths.  Journal of Parasitology, 64(2): 198-203.

Enders, R. K.  1940.  Observations on sloths in captivity at higher altitudes in the tropics and in Pennsylvania.  Journal of Mammalogy, 21(1):5-7.

Fariña, R. A. and R. E. Blanco.  1996.  Megatherium, the stabber.  Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 263: 1725-1729.

Fariña, R. A., S. F. Vizcaino and M. S. Bargo.  1998.  Body mass estimations in Lujanian (late Pleistocene-early Holocene of South America) Mammals.  Mastozoologia Neotropical, 5(2): 87-108.

Fariña, R. A. and S. F. Vizcaíno.  2003.  Slow moving or browsers? A note on nomenclature.  Senckenbergiana Biologica, 83(1): 1-8.

Foley, W. J., W. V. Engelhardt, and P. Charles-Dominique.  1995.  The passage of digesta, particle size, and in vitro fermentation rate in the three-toed sloth Bradypus tridactylus (Edentata: Bradypodidae).  Journal of Zoology, 236: 681-696.

Gazin, C. L.  1935.  Gravigrade sloth remains from the late Pliocene and Pleistocene of Idaho.  Journal of Mammalogy, 16(1): 52-60.

Gervais, P. and F. Ameghino.  1880.  Les Mammifères fossiles de l'Amérique du Sud.  pp. 133-177.

Greene, H. W.  1989.  Agonistic behavior by three-toed sloths, Bradypus variegatus.  Biotropica, 21(4): 369-372.

Guth, C.  1956.  Contribution a la connaissance de l'os temporal de Scelidotherium Owen.  Annales de Paleontologie. Invertebres, 42: 151-168.

Hansen, R. M.  1978.  Shasta ground sloth food habits, Rampart Cave, Arizona.  Paleobiology, 4(3): 302-319.

Hegner, R. and E. Schumaker.  1928.  Some intestinal amoebae and flagellates from the chimpanzee, three-toed sloth, sheep and guinea pig.  Journal of Parasitology, 15(1): 31-37.

Hill, C. A. and D. D. Gillette.  1987.  A uranium series date for the Shasta ground sloth, Nothrotheriops shastensis, from Carlsbad Cavern, New Mexico.  Journal of Mammalogy, 68(3): 718-719.

Hill, R. V.  2006.  Comparative anatomy and histology of xenarthran osteoderms.  Journal of Morphology: 1-20.

Hoffstetter, R.  1949a.  Nuevas observaciones sobre los Edentata del Pleistoceno superior de la sierra ecuatoriana. I. Oreomylodon, subgénero nuevo para designar Glossotherium wegneri.  Boletin de Informaciones Cientificas Nacionales (Quito), 3: 19-42.

Hoffstetter, R.  1956.  Contribution á l'étude des Orophodontoidea gravigrades cuirassés de la Patagonie.  Annales Paléontologie, 42: 25-64.

Hofreiter, M., J. L. Betancourt, A. P. Sbriller, V. Markgraf and H. G. McDonald.  2003.  Phylogeny, diet, and habitat of an extinct ground sloth from Cuchillo Curá, Neuquén Province, southwest Argentina.  Quaternary Reserach, 59: 364-378.

Humphry, G. M.  1870.  The myology of the limbs of the unau, the ai, the two-toed ant-eater and the pangolin.  Journal of Anatomy and Physiology, 4: 17-78.

Kraglievich, L.  1931.  Cuátro notas paleontológicas (Sobre Octomylodon aversus Amegh., Argyrolagus palmeri Amegh., Tetrastylus montanus Amegh. y Munizia paranensis, n. gen., n. sp.).  Physis, 10(36): 242-266.

Kraglievich, L.  1945.  Sobre una mandibula de "Scelidotherium chapadmalense" Amegh., procedente del pampeano inferior de Miramar.  Anales de la Sociedad Cientifica Argentina, 139: 152-162.

Kraglievich, L. and S. Rivas.  1951.  Amegh., representante de una nueva superfamilia Orophodontoidea del suborden Xenarthra.  Comunicaciones del Instituto Nacional de Investigación de las Ciencias Naturales, Ciencias Zoológicas, 2(2): 9-28.

Kredel, F. E.  1928.  Note on the temperature of the sloth.  Journal of Mammalogy, 9(1): 48-51.

Lara-Ruiz, P. and A. G. Chiarello.  2005.  Life-history traits and sexual dimorphism of the Atlantic forest maned sloth Bradypus torquatus (Xenarthra: Bradypodidae).  Journal of the Zoologial Society of London, 267: 63-73.

Leidy, J.  1846.  Remarks upon the anatomy of the abdominal viscera of the sloth, Bradypus tridactylus Linn.  Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 3(3): 72-74.

Leidy, J.  1868.  Notice of some vertebrate remains from the West Indian Islands.  Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1868: 178-180.

Lillegraven, J. A.  1966.  Bison crassicornis and the ground sloth Megalonyx jeffersoni in the Kansas Pleistocene.  Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 69(3-4): 294-300.

Lydekker, R.  1894.  Contribution to a knowledge of the fossil Vertebrates of Argentina. 2. The extinct Edentates of Argentina.  Anales del Museo de La Plata (Paleontologia), 3: 1-118.

McDonald, H. G.  2006.  Sexual dimorphism in the skull of Harlan's ground sloth.  Contributions in Science, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 510: 1-9.

McDonald, H. G. and S. Pelikan.  2006.  Mammoths and mylodonts: Exotic species from two different continents in North America Pleistocene faunas.  Quaternary International, 142-143: 229-241.

Mercer, H. C.  1897.  The findings of the remains of the fossil sloth at Big Bone Cave Tennessee in 1896.  Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 36(154): 36-70.

Mendel, F. C.  1985.  Use of hands and feet of three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) during climbing and terrestrial locomotion.  Journal of Mammalogy, 66(2): 359-366.

Mendel, F. C., D. Piggins and D. R. Fish.  1985.  Vision of two-toed sloths (Choloepus).  Journal of Mammalogy, 66(1): 197-200.

Meritt, D. A. Jr.  1976.  Sex ratios of Hoffmann's sloth, Choloepus hoffmanni Peters and three-toed sloth, Bradypus infuscatus Wagler in Panama.  American Midland Naturalist, 96(2): 472-473.

Mills, R. S.  1975.  A ground sloth, Megalonyx, from a Pleistocene site in Darke Co., Ohio.  The Ohio Journal of Science, 75(3): 147-154.

Mones, A.  1971.  Observaciones sobre la familia Mylodontidae (Edentata, Megalonychoidea) en México.  Paleocología, 6: 1-22.

Montgomery, G. G. and M. E. Sunquist.  1974.  Contact-distress calls of young sloths.  Journal of Mammalogy, 55(1): 211-213.

Montgomery, G. G. and M. E. Sunquist.  1975.  Impact of sloths on Neotropical forest energy flow and nutrient cycling.  pp. 69-111  In F. B. Golley, and E. Medina (Eds.) Tropical Ecology Systems: Trends in Terrestrial and Aquatic Research.  Ecology Studies 11, Springer-Verlag, New York.

Moraes, N., J. S. Morgante and C. Y. Miyaki.  2002.  Genetic diversity in different populations of sloths assessed by DNA fingerprinting.  Brazilian Journal of Biology, 62(3): 503-508.

Moraes-Barros, N., J. A. B. Silva, C. Y. Miyaki and J. S. Morgante.  2006.  Comparative phylogeography of Atlantic forest endemic sloth (Bradypus torquatus) and the widespread three-toed sloth (Bradypus variegatus) (Bradypodidae, Xenarthra).  Genetica, 126: 189-198.

Morgan, G. S. and S. G. Lucas.  2003.  Mammalian biochronology of Blancan and Irvingtonian (Pliocene and Early Pleistocene) faunas from New Mexico.  Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 279: 269-320.

Morrison, P. R.  1945.  Acquired homiothermism in the pregnant sloth.  Journal of Mammalogy, 26(3): 272-275.

Naples, V. L.  1982.  Cranial osteology and function in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus.  American Museum Novitates, 2739: 1-41.

Nagy, K. A. and G. G. Montgomery.  1980.  Field metabolic rate, water flux, and food consumption in three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus).  Journal of Mammalogy, 61(3): 465-472.

Naples, V. L.  1986.  The morphology and function of the hyoid region in the tree sloths, Bradypus and Choloepus.  Journal of Mammalogy, 67(4): 712-724.

Owen, R.  1840.  Zoology of the Voyage of the Beagle. Part 1, Fossil Mammalia.  Pp. 57-106.

Oxnard, C. E.  1990.  From giant ground sloth to human osteoporosis.  Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Human Biology, 3: 75-96.

Paulson, G. R.  1961.  The mammals of the Cudahy Fauna.  Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and letters, 46: 127-153.

Pujos, F., G. De Iuliis, C. Argot and L. Werdelin.  2006.  A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implications for sloth history.  Zoological Journal of the Linnean Soceity, 149: 179-235.

Ratcliffe, B. C.  1980.  New species of Coprini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) taken from the pelage of three-toed sloths (Bradypus tridactylus L.) (Edentata: Bradypodidae) in central Amazonia with a brief commentary on scarab-sloth relationships.  Coleopterists Bulletin, 34(4): 337-350.

Ridewood, W. G.  1901. On the structure of the hairs of Mylodon listai and other South American edentates.  ??  44(3): 393-410.

Robertson, J. S.  1976.  Latest Pliestocene mammals from Haile XV A, Alachua County, Florida.  Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, 20(3): 111-186.

Roth, S.  1899.  Descripción de los restos encontrados en la caverna de Última Esperanza.  Revista del Museo de La Plata, 9: 421-453

Roth, S.  1904.  Nuevos restos de mamíferos de la caverna Eberhardt en Última Esperanza.  Revista del Museo de La Plata, 11: 37-53.

Roverto, C.  1914.  Los estratos araucanos y sus fósiles.  Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires, 25: 1-247, pls. 1-31.

Rusconi, C.  1938.  Sobre ejemplares juveniles del genero Scelidotherium.  Anales de la Socidad Cientifica Argentina, 126: 33-40.

Salas, R., F. Pujos and C. de Muizon.  2005.  Ossified meniscus and cyamo-fabella in some fossil sloths: a morpho-functional interpretation.  Geobios, 38: 389-394.

Salmi, M.  1955.  Additional information of the findings in the Mylodon cave at Ultima Esperanza.  Acta Geographica, 14: 314-333.

Savage, D. E.  1946.  A mandible of Megalonyx from the Pleistocene of Oklahoma.  Journal of Mammalogy, 27(4): 388-390.

Schmidt, G. D., D. W. Duszyinski and P. S. Martin.  1992.  Parasites of the extinct Shasta ground sloth, Nothrotheriops shastensis, in Rampart Cave, Arizona.  Journal of Parasitology, 78(5): 811-816.

Schubert, B. W., R. W. Graham, H. G. McDonald, E. C. Grimm and T. W. Stafford, Jr.  2004.  Latest Pleistocene paleoecology of Jefferson's ground sloth (Megalonyx jeffersonii) and elk-moose (Cervalces scotti) in northern Illinois.  Quaternary Research, 61: 231-240.

Scillato-Yané, G. J.  1976a.  Sobre algunos restos de Mylodon(?) listai (Edentata, Tardigrada) procedentes de la cueva "Las Buitreras" (provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina).  Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología N.S., 10: 309-312.

Scillato-Yané, G. J.  1976b.  El más antiguo Mylodontinae (Edentata, Tardigrada) conocido: Glossotheriops pascuali n. gen. n. sp. del “Colloncurense” (Mioceno Superior) de la provincial de Rio Negro (Argentina).  Ameghiniana, 13: 333-334.

Scillato-Yané, G. J.  1977.  Octomylodontinae:  nueva subfamilia de Mylodontidae (Edentata, Tardigrada).  Descripción del caráneo y mandíbula de Octomylodon robertoscagliai n. sp., procedentes de la Formación Arroo Chasico (Edad Chasiquense, Plioceno Temprano) del sur de al Provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina).  Algunos consideraciones filogenéticas y sistemáticas sobre los Mylodontoidea.  Publicaciones del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Mar del Plata "Lorenzo Scaglia", 2: 123-140.  (type description, Octomylodon robertoscagliai)

Scillato-Yané, G. J. and A. A. Carlini.  1998.&nbspp; Nuevos Xenarthra del Friasense (Mioceno medio) de Argentina.  Stvd. Geol. Salamanca, 34(1998): 43-67.

Shaw, J. J. and R. Lainson.  1973.  Toxoplasmosis of the two-toed sloth, Choloepus didactylus, in Brazil.  Journal of Parasitology, 59(1): 206-207.

Simmons, E. L. and H. L. Alexander, Jr.  1964.  Age of the Shasta ground sloth from Aden Crater, New Mexico.  American Antiquity, 29(3): 390-391.

Spillman, F.  1948.  Beitrag zur Kenntnis eines neuen gravigraden Riesensteppentieres (Eremotherium carolinense gen. et spec. nov.), seines Lebensraumes und seiner Lebensweise.  Palaeobiologia (Wien), 8(3): 231-279.  (type description, Eremotherium & E. carolinense)

Steadman, D. W., P. S. Martin, R. D. E. MacPhee, A. J. T. Jull, H. G. McDonald, C. A. Woods, M. Iturralde-Vinent and G. W. L. Hodgins.  2005.  Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands.  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(33): 11763-11768.

Sunquist, M. E. and G. G. Montgomery.  1973.  Activity patterns and rates of movement of two-toed and three-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni and Bradypus infuscatus).  Journal of Mammalogy, 54(4):946-954.

Taube, E., J. Vié, P. Fournier, C. Genty and J. Duplantier.  1999.  Distribution of two sympatric species of sloths (Choloepus didactylus and Bradypus tridactylus) along the Sinnamary River, French Guiana.  Biotropica, 31(4):  686-692.

Vizcaíno, S. F. and G. J. Scillato-Yané.  1995.  An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Seymour Island, West Antarctica.  Antarctic Science, 7(4): 407-408.

Waage, J. K.  1976.  Insect remains from ground sloth dung.  Journal of Paleontology, 50(5): 991.

Wilson, M. C., H. G. McDonald and C. L. Hill.  2005.  Fossil ground sloths, Megalonyx and Paramylodon (Mammalia; Xenarthra), from the Doeden local fauna, Montana.  Current Research in the Pleistocene, 22: 83-85.

Windle, B. C. A., and F. G. Parsons.  1899.  On the myology of Edentata.  Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 314-338, 990-1017.

Young, O.P.  1981.  The utilization of sloth dung in a neotropical forest.  The Coleopterists Bulletin, 35(4): 427-430.



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